Configuring DNS and DHCP - 1925 Words

Configuring DNS and DHCP (Essay Sample) Content: Configuring DNS and DHCP Name: Institution: 1. In a short essay outline the DNS query process. What are the two types of queries? A client using a DNS may want to search for a name in a program. The client will issue a query to DNS servers which are responsible for resolving the name. The query is composed of three segments of information which the server is required to respond to. The pieces of information include: * A specific DNS domain name stated as FQDN or fully qualified domain name. * A specified group or class containing the DNS domain name. * A specified type of query. There are different ways that DNS queries can be resolved. Using cached information, the client can answer the query locally. The DNS server can answer a query using its own cache of record information. The requesting client can delegate the query to a DNS server which will then send back the feedback to the client in a process called recursion. The client may decide to contact the DNS server directly for name resolution. A client accomplishes that using separate and additional queries that are non-recursive based referral feedback from servers; a process called iteration. There are two types of DNS queries: * Recursive name query à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" generally made to a DNS server by a DNS client, or by a DNS server that is configured to forward unresolved name queries to other DNS servers. The DNS server is expected by the DNS client to respond using the requested resource record or an error message specifying that the domain or record is non-existent. * Iterative name query à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the DNS server is allowed by the DNS client to return an apt feedback based on zone or cached data. If the server does not have the required name, it returns a referral (a pointer variable to a DNS server that is authoritative for a more rudimental level of the domain namespace). The client will continue querying based on referrals until it locates the server that can resolve the name or give a time-out condition or error. 2. Create a table showing the DNS resource record types and functions. Record Type RFC Description AAAA 1886 Address record that maps the name of a host into IPv6 address. AFSDB 1183 Provides the location either a Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) cellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s authenticated server or an Andrew File System (AFS) cell database server. HINFO 1035 Identifies the hostà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operating system and hardware. ISDN 1183 Variation of the address resource record that maps the domain to an ISDN address. MB 1035 A resource record that is experimental specifying the DNS host with a specified mailbox. MG 1035 An experimental record used to specify a mailbox belonging to a mailing list specified by a given DNS domain name. MINFO 1035 Experimental resource record that specifies a mailbox responsible for referring to another mailbox MR 1035 Experimental resource record that identifies a mailbox that is a rename of another one. RP 1183 Resolves the responsible person for a given host or DNs domain. RT 1183 Specifies an intermediary host that routes data packets to a terminal host. TXT 1035 Associates an item in the DNS database with general textual information. WKS 1035 Describes the services provided by a specific internet protocol on a given interface. X.25 1183 Maps the name to an X.121 address. WINS Used for finding the host part of a DNS name that does not exist in the DNS zone. WINS reverse lookup (WINS-R) Employed in a reverse lookup zone for resolving the host part of the DNS name of given its IP address. ATMA Employed in mapping DNS domain names to ATM addresses. Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 1 Resource Record Types and Functions RR Type Function Example à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An NS RR is used in advertising server names for delegated subdomains. 3. Research the GlobalNames Zone (GNZ) feature. In a short essay explain this feature including a brief background, advantages, disadvantages, and your opinion on the usefulness of it. WINS is usually employed as a secondary name resolution protocol for NetBIOS names. The protocol leverages NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT) to resolve names. Microsoft customers are still using the service in their networks because most enterprise servers have static names. The GNZ feature is a desirable consideration for people wishing to migrate from WINS. GNZ is an effort to retire WINS from the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s networks. The feature gives DNS support in emergency servers for single-label names lookups; allowing customers to move to DNS-only environment and remove WINS servers from their networks (Sharma, 2008). GNZ is important in a situation where it is convenient to employ single-label, short names to represent long fully-qualified domain names (FQDNs) as GNZ is basically a list of alias (CNAME) records. 4. In a short essay explain the four step process of DHCP. What is the difference between an exclusion range and a reservation? How do you configure a DHCP Relay Agent? According to Arora (2013), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol used to control a host via a remote server. Its functionality is realized as it is installed as default feature is numerous operating systems. DHCP is a four step process: * Step 1: When the client host is connected to a network or boots up, a DHCPDISCOVER message is relayed from the client to the server. If the server lies on a local subnet, it will receive the message directly or if it lies on a global subnet then a relay agent attached on the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s subnet is leveraged in routing the request to the server. The message uses UDP protocol and port number 67. The client host goes into the initializing phase in this step. * Step 2: Once the DHCPDISCOVER message is receiver by the DHCP server, the server replies the message using a DHCPOFFER message. UDP protocol in the transport layer is used in this step with port 68 as the destination. The client then goes into the selecting stage. * Step 3: A DHCPREQUEST message is formed by the client in response to the feedback DHCPOFFER message. The message is routed to the server indicating that the client wants to acknowledge the network configuration sent embedded in the DHCPOFFER message. The client can then enter the requesting stage. * Step 4: Once the DHCPREQUEST is received from the client by the server, DHCPPACK message is relayed back showing that the client is free to use the IP address it is assigned. The client finally enters the bound state. DHCP Reservation is a DHCP serverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feature that allows the DHCP administrators to set aside one or more IP addresses for specific mission-critical computers only. DHCP Exclusion is the configuration of the DHCP server in which a single IP address or a range of IP addresses are exempted by direct assignment to the DHCP client computers (Viveknayyar007, 2013). Microsoft Inc. (2016) discusses the configuration of a DHCP Relay Agent. To configure the agent: * The RRAS MMC Snap-in is opened. * IPv4 is expanded in the Remote Access MMC snap-in and the Routing before DHCP Relay Agent is clicked. * The network interfaces on which the DNS server might receive DHCP requests is added. DHCP Relay Agent is right-clicked before New Interface is clicked. Then the par network interface is selected followed by an OK click. * Relay DHCP packets is selected in the DHCP Relay Properties dialog box before OK is clicked. * DHCP Relay Agent is right-clicked in the navigation pane before the Properties option is clicked. * The IPv4 address of the DHCP servers is entered on the General tab. The address is to be provided with DHCP services from the RRAS serverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s clients. Add is clicked before OK. 5. Report Introduction Server administration is a tedious task especially concerning assigning each role and user manually, before assigning the users to the roles determined then the roles to projects. Password definitions are specified for new accounts to be created. Users can be allowed or be restricted from changing their passwords in their subsequ...